[转载]《易经》第二卦：坤卦（双语）

《易经》第二卦：坤卦

Kun: the 2^nd hexagram in The Book of Changes

2.坤卦

坤：贴近大地的胸怀

【原文】

（坤下坤上）坤(1)：元亨。利牝马(2)之贞。君子有攸(3)往，先迷，后得主(4)。利西南，得朋(5)；东北，丧朋。安贞吉(6)

初六：履霜，坚冰至。

六二：直，方，大(7)；不习 (8)，无不利。

六三：含章(9)，可贞(10)。或从王事(11)，无成有终。

六四：括囊(12)，无咎无誉。

六五: 黄裳(13)，元吉。

上六: 龙战于野，其血玄黄(14)。

用六(15):利永贞。

【注释】

(1)坤是本卦标题。坤的卦象是六个陰交 ，用来表示大地以及陰柔的事物。本卦的内容与人在地上的生活有关。(2)牝（pin）马:母马。(3)攸（y0U）：所。(4)主：主人，这里指接待旅客的房东。(5)朋：朋贝，周代的货币。十枚贝壳串在起就是朋。(6)安贞吉：占问定居而得到吉利的 预兆。(7)直，方，大：指地貌平直、方正、辽阔。(8)习 :熟悉。(9)含章：指周武王伐纣，战胜商纣王。(10)可贞：称心如意的占卜。(11)王事：大事，指战争。战争和祭把在古代都是最重要的事。(12)括：收束，扎紧。囊：布口袋。(13)黄裳：黄色的裙或裤。这是尊贵吉祥的标志。 (14)玄黄：血流的样子，是说血流得很多。(15)用六：坤卦特有的交名。“用六”表示坤卦的全陰交 将尽变为全陽交 。

【译文】

坤卦：大吉大利。占问母马得到吉利的征兆。君子贵族外出旅行经商，开始时迷了路，后来遇上招待客人的房东。往西南方向走有利，可以获得财物；往东北方向走会丧失财物。占问定居之事，得到吉利的预兆。

初六：脚下踩到了薄霜，结成坚实冰层的时令就快要到了。

六二：大地的形貌平直、方正、辽阔；虽然去到不熟悉的陌生地方，也不会有什么问题。

六三：周武王战胜殷商，是很好的占卜。有人参与战争，虽然没有战绩，但结局却很好。

六四：把收成装进口袋捆好，收成不好不坏。

六五：黄色裙裤是大吉大利的象征。

上六：龙在旷野上争斗，血流遍地。

用六：这是永久吉利的最好征兆。

Kung: Big fortuue and great profit. Divining and asking mare about good or ill luck, anauspicious sign was abtained.Going out for Travel and business, gentlemen and nobilities lost their way at the beginning, but later on they met the landlord entertaining visitors. Going southwest is favourable because property is available there; while going northeast makes property lost. Divining and asking about taking up residence, an unlucky omen was obtained.

Sixth: When thin frost was trodden on under foot, the time will come soon for water to be frozen into solid ice.

Six – two: Landform is plain, straight, square and vast, there will be no problem even though going to strange places.

Six – three: King Wu of Zhou defeated Shang of Yin. This is a good divination. Some people were engaged in war. Although there was no combat gain, the end was excellent.

Six – four: Putting the harvest into a bag and well tying it up, the harvest was neither good nor bad.

Six – five: Yellow pants and skirts are a symbol of good fortune.

On – six: Dragons are fighting in wilderness, blood flowed all over.

With six:This is the best sign for everlasting luck.

【读解】

大地是人们赖以生存的基础。它虽然没有上天那么高高在上、 神圣而神秘，但却让人感到实在与亲切。“坤”卦几乎涉及到人们在大地上所从事的衣、食、住、行等全部重要活动。古人凭借直感，亲身体验到大地的深情与伟大，因而从大地占得的征兆，都是吉祥顺利的。这样一种认识和理念，简直可以说就是一首对大地母亲的颂歌。

人类由远古的采集及狩猎的生存方式，逐渐过渡到相对稳定和有保障的农牧商业生存方式。这种过渡其实就是从漂泊冒险，为生存而挣扎，向安居乐业、休养生息的巨大飞跃。在这个飞跃过程中，必定会产生人类对大地无尽的亲情。西方传说中的巨人，只有紧贴大地才会获得无穷的力量。可见，对大地的亲情是一种具有普遍性的人类情感。

　　 上有神圣幽远的苍天可以崇仰，下有广袤坚实的大地可以依靠，于是，人类的肉体和灵魂便有了寄居之所，寻到了永恒的家园。世事的推移，人间的沧桑，在永恒的天与地之间，像一条动着的河流，昼夜不舍地向前奔腾。生命的律动，就在天、地、人的交融感应中显现出来。

The earth is the foundation on which man lives. It is not like the heaven that is located high above the masses,sacred and mysterious, but it makes people feel dear and honest. “Kun” divination touches upon nearly all important activities that people implement on the earth, such as dress, food, shelter, transportation etc. With a raw feel, the ancient people personally experienced the deep feeling and greatness of the earth. Therefore, all the omens gained through divination were auspicious and favoring. Such an understanding or concept is simply an ode to our earth mother.

The ancient people gradually transited from the survival mode of gathering and hunting to that of agriculture, animal husbandry and business that were relatively stable and guaranteed. This sort of transition is actually a great lead forward from drift, adventure and struggle for survival to living and working in peace and contentment to rehabilitation. In the process of this leap forward, man's endless affection for the earth must be cultivated. In western legend, only by closely clinging to the earth, could the giant obtained infinite power. In view of this,love for the earth is a sort of universal human emotion.

Highly above there is a holy and far heaven to warship, while on the ground there is a vast and firm earth to rely on. Therefore,the human body and soul got places to stay and found an everlasting homeland as well. Between the eternal heaven and the earth, the passage of the world and the vicissitudes of life are just like a flowing river that is rapidly running day and night. Rhythm of Life emerged in the blend and induction of heaven, earth and people.