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[转载]中秋说“圆”

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原文地址:中秋说“圆”作者:英语世界杂志

 

(选自《英语世界》2013年第9期)

 


 

/王逢鑫

 

是最常见的几何图形之一,是人们生活中不可或缺的设计符号。圆是不同文化中的重要元素,具有相同或独特的象征意义。古人仰望夜空,观察月亮,发现了月亏和月圆的规律。中国人将正值圆月的农历正月十五定为元宵灯节,将八月十五定为中秋节。连元宵、汤圆和月饼也都做成圆的,赋予其深邃的文化内涵。

“圆月”又称“满月”或“望月”,英语是full moon,例如:

1. I watched the full moon rising in the east. 我观看圆月从东方升起。

2. The astronaut discovered the star was brighter than a full moon. 航天员发现,这颗星比圆月还亮。

3. The full moon shares the symbolism of the circle as an image of wholeness and strength. 圆月和圆一样,具有“完整”和“力量”的象征意义。

几何图形“圆”,英语用circle表示;“环状物”用ring表示;“圆形物体”用round objectcircular object表示,例如:

4. The math teacher was teaching his pupils to draw a perfect circle with pencil. 数学老师正在教学生用铅笔画正圆。

5. The five rings on Olympic wear and on the flag represent the five continents brought together by the Olympic Games. 奥林匹克制服和旗帜上的五环,代表奥运会将五大洲运动员聚集在一起。

6. The baker cut the pastry into rounds. 面包师将油酥饼切成圆块。

7. The children in the kindergarten were learning how to identify such round objects as coconuts and oranges. 幼儿园的孩子们正在学习辨认椰子和柑橘之类的圆形物体。

8. A passenger on the jet plane saw a red circular object pass by. 这架喷气式飞机上的一名乘客看到一个红色圆形物体飞过。

“圆”在汉语和英语中的第一个象征意义是“完整”(wholeness),与完满(fullness)、完美(perfection)和完成(completion)相关,例如:

9. Circles commonly represent unity, wholeness, and infinity. “圆”通常代表协调、完整和无限。

10. The circle is seen in many cultures as a symbol of unity, enlightenment and perfection. 在许多文化中,“圆”被视为团结、启迪和完美的象征。

11. The circle is eternal in that it has no beginning or end. 圆是永恒的,因为它既没有起点,也没有终点。

“圆”的第二个象征意义是平等性(equality)。人群有主次、长幼和尊卑之分,聚会时历来有排座次的问题。梁山一百单八将如何在忠义堂就座,是个繁杂过程。现在,首长登主席台或宴请宾客,谁先谁后,谁左谁右,需要精心安排。公元6世纪时英国的亚瑟王是个聪明的传奇人物,他命令部下制作了一张大圆桌,“圆桌会议”使手下150名骑士避免了高下尊卑之争。圆没有起点和终点,也没有边边角角,也就没有一个突出点。圆桌会议(round-table conference)最能体现平等性,例如:

12. The notion of King Arthur’s Round Table has become a universal symbol for equality and just government. “亚瑟王圆桌”的观念已成为平等性和公正政府的普遍象征。

13. All the concerning countries will hold a round-table conference to settle their dispute. 所有相关国家将举行一次圆桌会议解决他们的争端。

“圆”的第三个象征意义在于它的循环性(circularity)。从一点出发,围绕圆周运动,仍回到原点,可以周而复始,循环进行。我国民间的走马灯,表现出“圆”的循环性。西方的旋转木马(merry-go-round)是一种游乐场机动游戏,也能体现“圆”的循环性,例如:

14. A merry-go-round is a large circular platform at a fairground on which there are model animals or vehicles for people to sit on or in as it turns round. 旋转木马是游乐场的一个大型圆形平台,上面装有旋转时供人乘坐的动物或车辆模型。

merry-go-round的比喻意义是a continuous series of activities as a merry-go-rounda never-ending cycle of activities and events,即“一连串走马灯似的活动或事件”,例如:

15. At the garden party, there were a merry-go-round of teas, fetes, musical events and the alike. 在游园会上,有茶话会、游乐会、音乐节目以及诸如此类的一连串活动。

“圆”的第四个象征意义是它的不间断性(uninterruptedness)。钟表的时针、分针和秒针连续不停地转动,实际上是在画圆。round the clock的比喻意义是lasting or continuing throughout the entire 24 hours of the day,即“昼夜不停;连轴转”,是表现“圆”的不间断性的极好例证,例如:

16. The actors and actresses worked round the clock to make preparations for the Spring Gala. 演员们通宵达旦地准备春晚。

17. Round-the-clock treatment finally failed to save the dolphin rescued from the beach. 昼夜不停的治疗最终未能救活这只从海滩救起的海豚。

阖家团圆是一种幸福。家最能体现圆的象征意义,让我们以网络上的一首小诗(作者姓名不详)为此文划上一个圆满的句号。


A Family Is Like a Circle            

A Family is like a circle,               

The connection never ends.            

And even if at times it breaks,         

In time it al ways mends.

 

家像一个圆

家像一个圆,

关联永不完。

即使有时断,

到时总会连  

 




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